Car-heater



(No Model.)

M. B. DERRICK.

GAR'HEATER.

No. 370,049. Patentedflept. 20, 1887.

UNITED STATES PATENT GEEICE.

MORRIS B. DERRICK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CAR-HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 370,049, datedSeptember 20, 1887.

Application filed February 4, 1886. Serial No. 190,776.

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MORRIs B. DERRICK, of Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of lllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Car-Heaters; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Heretoi'ore great difficulty has been experienced in getting acar-heater which would heat the car, ventilate it, and,while possessingsufficient draft, dispense with the objectionable chimney. I overcomethese difficulties by a heater which heats both by a current of hot airand by radiation, which exhausts the dampness and cold air contiguous tothe floor of the car, and the smoke of which is discharged under thecar, substantially as hereinafter more fully described, and asillustrated in the drawings, in which Figure l is a transverse verticalsection. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same. 'Fig. 3is a horizontal transverse section thereof, taken on line a: m, Fig. 2.Fig. 4 shows a section of the device,looking from below. Fig. 5 shows aplan view of the underneath of a car with my improved heater andattachments applied thereto; and Fig. 6 is a side elevation of myinvention and attachments, showing part of the floor in section.

Reference being had to the drawings, A represents a rectangular caseresting on the floor, preferably about the center of length of the car,and, if in a street-car, under the seats. In the upper part of this caseA, placed horizontally, is a hollow diaphragm, B, which divides the caseinto an upper and lower compartment, is open at the ends of the case,and has flanges projecting from said openings for the connection theretoof hot-air pipes, if desired.

The upper compartment is perforated, so that the heat accumulatingtherein may escape. In the compartment under diaphragm B is thefire-chamber. The side walls, a a, of this firechamber start from pointsimmediately under the diaphragm, and, like an inverted trun- (No model.)

cated cone, converge toward each other as they pass downward through thebottom of said case, through and to a point not more than twelve inchesbelow the floor of the car. At the lower ends of these walls a a isconnected a chute, b, pursuing a longitudinal course toward one or theother end of said car, and closed by a suitable door, 1).

Above the plane of the bottom of case A, a suitable distance, is thegrate C. This grate may be of any suitable design; but in the drawings 1have shown it to be circular with longitudinal bars pivoted on studsjournalcd in bearings in the side walls, a, or in an annulus securedthereto. The grate is manipu lated by a rod,which is an extension of oneof the pivotal studs and has a hand-grasp on the end outside of saidcase.

In the side of case A, a suitable distance above the plane ofthe grate,is a door, 0, hinged or sliding, as desired, through which the fuel isfed to the fire; and just below the horizontal plane of the grate, inthe same side as and immediately below the said door, is a damper, d. Itwill be noticed that this damper will exhaust the air contiguous to thefloor, thus contributing to carry off the dampness and cold air andrender the lower stratas of air proportionately dry.

In order to supply the hollow diaphragm with a constant supply of freshair, I run a vertical pipe, D, down from said diaphragm beside thegrate, down through the inclined walls a, (forming the sides of thefire-chamber above the grate, and the walls of the ashchamber below.)The inlet of this pipe D may be double-mouthed, in which event I turnthe mouths toward the front and rear of the car, respectively. Thus,whether the car is traveling in one or in the opposite direction, thefresh air will rush into said pipe and be conveyed to the diaphragm.Opening into the firechamber, immediately under said diaphragm and oneither side of pipe D, are the smokepipes E. These pipes travelvertically downward on either side of the air-pipe D to a point belowthe plane of the floor. They then travel laterally, following thecurvature of the adjacent walls, and, arriving at correspondingpointsjust a little to the adjacent side of the vertical plane of thepivotal point of the grate,

' -roo i pass outward through the walls a in diametrically oppositedirections. They then, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, pass around theash-chamberbelow the floorand mergeinto one pipe, which 5 leads to acentral longitudinal pipe, c. This pipe e leads to an exhaust-fan, F,the case of which is secured to the under surface of the floor of thecar, and is operated by means of belts and pulleys, or sprockets andchains, or o suitablegearing connecting it to the axle of thecar-wheels.

Any kind of an exhaust-fan will answer as well as that shown; but thereis one thing that must be observed in this respect, and that is,

5 the exhaust-fan must operate just as well when the car travels in onedirection, thus revolving the fan agiven way, and when traveling in theoppositedirection, thus revolving the fan the other way. For thispurpose twoouto lets, g and g, are-madein thecase. One, g, is

placed ata tangent to the periphery of thefan,

when it travels in a direction opposed to said outlet, and the other, 9,placed at a tangent to its periphery when traveling in the oppo- 5 sitedirection. Both outletsg and .gVare in such position that they dischargedownward.

When the fan blows the products of combustion exhausted fromthe'heaterout of one outlet, say, y, it will suck the air in through theoutlet 9. In order to avoid-this, I puta small leather ormetal valve, h,over their mouths. Thus, whichever outlet is blown through, the otherwill automatically close.

G representsa register made in the floor of the car, located between theheater and exhaust-fan. Leading from this register, and near its pointof connection, curved toward said fan and opening into pipe 6, is pipe7c. Thus, in addition to the damperof the heater, this register can beutilized to exhaust the cold and moist lower strata of air in thecar.This register, however, may be placed in the ceiling of the car or anyother desirable place, the only change necessary being the lengtheningof pipe It, so as to reach said register. This register andconnecting-pipe k may, if desired, be dispensed with altogether,although I prefer their use.

The fire being. built in the heater, thediaphragm becomes heated, andtheair therein, becoming heated, is expelled therefrom, preferably througha series of pipes connected to the flanged mouths of the diaphragm,which generally travel under the seats, and reaches to both ends ortravels entirely around the car. The air is fedto the diaphragm throughthe pipe D, andas this latter is exposed to the fire chamber helps heatthe air as it isdrawn into said diaphragm. To supply the fire withoxygen, the damper is opened. The jolting of the car will automaticallyshake the ashes through the grate, and these will gravitate into and tothe mouth of the chute, where they are confined untilsuch times asit isconvenient to open the door or trap and remove them.

While I much prefer to usethe exhaust-fan in combination with my heater,yet I do not wish to be confined to such combination, as the heatercould be used separately, the only difference of construction being insuch case that I would prefer to run the smoke pipes vertically upwardinstead of downward. The fire-chamber and heater may be modified inconstruction. It is thought, however, they operate better as shown.

What I claim'as new is 1. In a car --heater, the combination, with caseA, divided by a grate into an ash-pit or chute which extends below thefloor-of the car, of .a ,fire chainber above said grate within .the car,'thetop of which has openings at both ends, and a smoke-pipe openinginto andleading down from said fire-chamber to below the floor of thecar, as set forth.

2. In a car-heater, the combination, with case A, divided by a grateinto an ash-chute which extends below the floor of the car, of afire-chamber above the grate located within said ear, the top of whichis formed by a hollow diaphragm, which latter has openings at both ends,smoke-pipe opening into andleading-down from .the fire-chamber tobelowthe floor'of the car, and fresh air pipes having their inlet belowthe door of the car, passing up through the said heater next tosaidsmokepipe and opening into the diaphragm, as and for the purpose setforth. 7

3. In a carheater, the combinatiom-with caseA, formed into an ashpitbelow the fioor of the car, and a funnel-shaped frame above the gratewhich serves as the sides of a firecharnber andforms a hot-air chamberbetween it and the perforated enveloping-case A, through which theheated air escapes, of a diaphragm. as described, forming vthe top ofthe fire-chamber, and a hot-air space above said diaphragm, from whichthe heat may escape through the perforations in case A,substantiallyasset forth.

4. The combination, with a car, a heater placed therein, and aventilating register, of an exhaustfan, and pipes leading .from thefire-chamber of said heater and from the ventilating-register, as setforth.

In testimony-that Iciaim the foregoing as my own Ihereunto affix mysignature in presence of :two witnesses.

MORRIS B. DERRICK,

IQJ

IIS

